Type and characteristics of multi-axis CNC machining

As the basis of modern mechanical manufacturing technology, CNC machining technology has made significant changes in the mechanical manufacturing process. Compared with traditional processing technology, modern CNC machining technology is significantly different in many aspects, such as machining process, process control, processing equipment and process equipment. The CNC machine we are familiar with has three linear axes of XYZ, and the multi-axis refers to at least the 4th axis on one machine. The so-called multi-axis CNC machining refers to CNC machining of more than 4 axes, and the representative one is 5-axis CNC machining. Titanium Machinery is the main product of the company with rotary top, screw, shaft machining, CNC lathe machining, shank shank and collet post. Multi-axis machining should accurately be multi-coordinate linkage machining. The device can achieve up to five coordinate linkage. There are many types of such devices, and the structure type and control system are different. First, the type of multi-axis CNC machining Machining centers are generally divided into vertical machining centers and horizontal machining centers. The most effective machining surface of the three-axis vertical machining center is only the top surface of the workpiece. The horizontal machining center can only complete the four-sided machining of the workpiece by means of the rotary table. The multi-axis CNC machining center features high efficiency and high precision. The workpiece can be machined in 5 faces after one clamping. If the 5-axis linkage high-grade CNC system is configured, it can also process high-precision space surfaces with high precision, which is very suitable for processing molds for workpieces such as auto parts and aircraft structural parts. According to the rotary axis form, the multi-axis CNC machining center can be divided into two settings: (1) Worktable rotary axis. The advantage of this type of multi-axis CNC machining machine is that the spindle structure is relatively simple, the spindle rigidity is very good, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low. However, the general workbench cannot be designed too large, and the load-bearing weight is also small. Especially when the A-axis rotation angle is ≥90°, the workpiece will bring a large load-bearing moment to the workbench when it is cut. (2) Vertical spindle head rotation. The advantage of this type of multi-axis CNC machine tool is that the spindle machining is very flexible and the table can be designed very large. When machining a curved surface with a spherical milling cutter, when the center line of the tool is perpendicular to the working surface, the surface quality of the workpiece cut by the vertex will be poor due to the zero linear velocity of the vertex of the spherical milling cutter; Rotating an angle with respect to the workpiece allows the spherical milling cutter to avoid cutting at the apex, ensuring a certain line speed and improving the surface processing quality, which is difficult to achieve in the rotary machining center of the table. Second, the characteristics of multi-axis CNC machining Multi-axis CNC machining has the following features: (1) Reduce the benchmark conversion and improve the machining accuracy. The integration of the multi-axis CNC machining process not only improves the effectiveness of the process, but also ensures that the machining accuracy is more easily ensured because the parts need to be clamped once during the entire machining process. (2) Reduce the number and footprint of fixtures. Despite the high price of a single unit in a multi-axis CNC machining center, the number of fixtures, shop floor space and equipment maintenance costs are reduced due to the shortened process chain and reduced equipment count. (3) Shorten the production process chain and simplify production management. The complete machining of multi-axis CNC machine tools has greatly shortened the production process chain, and since only the processing tasks are handed over to one job, not only the production management and scheduling are simplified, but also the transparency is significantly improved. The more complex the workpiece, the more obvious its advantages over the traditional process-dispersed production methods. At the same time, due to the shortening of the production process chain, the number of in-process products is inevitably reduced, which can simplify production management, thereby reducing the cost of production operations and management. (4) Shorten the development cycle of new products. For aerospace, automotive and other companies, some new product parts and forming molds are complex in shape and high in precision. Therefore, multi-axis CNC machining centers with high flexibility, high precision, high integration and complete machining capability can be used. It is a good solution to the accuracy and cycle problems of complex parts processing in the process of new product development, greatly shortening the development cycle and improving the success rate of new products.